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Osmanlı'da Hat (Yazı) Sanatı

Posted on 12 September, 2020 by M.İlker AKIN

Osmanlı'da Hat (Yazı) Sanatı

 

 

OSMANLI DA HAT (YAZI) SANATI

Yazı Türleri

*Makili=İlk yazıdır.Basit bir yazı tipidir

*Küfi=Selçuklularda kullanılmıştır.Kalemin 1/3’i kullanılır.Kitap yazısıdır.Tamamen yuvarlak biçimlidir.Kur’an-ı Kerim’de çoğunlukla bu yazı kullanılmıştır

*Nesih

*Talik=Osmanlılar döneminde kullanılmıştır.Ayrıca İranlıların da kullandığı yazıdır

*Divani=Padişah fermanlarının yazısıdır

-Rik’a=Kişinin el yazısıdır

Yazıda Kullanılan Malzemeler

*Kağıt

*Kalem

*Mürekkep

*Mühne(Parlaklık veren madde)

*Makas

*Divit

*Rıh

*Hamipek(Lika)

*Makta(Kalem yatağı)

*Kalemtraş

*Hokka

Kağıdın Hazırlanışı

-Kağıt,yumurta akı ve şap karıştırılıp,aherlenir

-Camilerde bulunan is odasında yanan mumlar ve odada bulunan delik ile duvarda is meydana gelir

-Bu is duvardan kazılarak mürekkep haline getirilir

-Bir kartona iki ucundan delikler açılıp,iplerle bağlanması sonucu bu ipler aherli kağıda bastırılarak kağıtta iplerin izi çıkar ve satırlar oluşur

-Hokkanın içine konulan hamipek mürekkebin dökülmesini önler ve mürekkebi kurutmaz

-Rıh ise tuzluk şeklindedir.Mürekkebi kurutmak ve süslemek için kullanılan tozdur

Kitap

-İki bölümden oluşur.Sellevha(Baş sayfa) ve Ketebe(Son sayfa)dir

-Baş sayfa süslemelerin çok olduğu sayfadır

-Son sayfa da Hattat(Yazar) adını ve tarih belirtir

-Kitabın ciltlenmesi ön kapak,arka kapak,sırt,miklep,sertap ve şiraze bölümlerinden oluşur

-Osmanlılar da bitkisel süsleme,Selçuklularda geometrik süsleme görülür

-Şemse bölümü yuvarlaktır


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