The Art Of Sculpture
Posted on 26 September, 2020 by M.İlker AKIN
ART OF SCULPTURE
What is the Art of Sculpture?
The art of sculpting is the art of expressing emotions or thoughts by shaping various materials to create an aesthetic appearance, which emerged centuries ago. The work of art that emerges by shaping the materials is called sculpture. Statues can be made of materials such as marble, iron, bronze and clay. People dealing with the art of sculpture, people who have created one or more sculptures are called sculptors.
History of Sculpture
When we look at the history of sculpture, we see that sculpture started with female and animal figures made between 35,000 and 8000 B.C. The earliest sculptures were carved back into a stone or ivory on the surface or without detaching it from the surface.
When we look at the art of sculpture, we see that the oldest sculptures are made on the coast of Mediterranean countries. In ancient Egyptian history, it is seen that the statues have a religious characteristic for the Egyptian people.
With the Renaissance, which is a world-wide innovation movement, a brand new thinking system prevailed, and with this system, human settled at the center of the world. The sculpting, which gave its first examples in Italy and abandoned its religious character, is now used to exhibit the magnificence of the human body by prominent representatives of the art branch such as Donatello and Michelangelo.
Looking at the history of sculpture in the world today, it is seen that most of the sculptures emerged in the classical period.
In the 13th century, the sculpture attained its original form in the hands of artists who took their liking. In the following 14th century, sculpting represented human beings as a creature that is difficult to reach by taking them out of their nature, which will be the basis for the shaping of future periods.
Contrary to the existing ones, Italy presented the real person by acting with the style of realism. From the 17th century until the time we lived, the point reached in sculpture has now reached its own identity far beyond limitations. Sculpture, as a moving, curved, enormous size and dominated by magnificent ornaments, started to write its new style in world history.
In various archaeological findings, traces of sculpture art have been found even during the cave period.
According to historical studies, the main factor that brought the sculpture to the world is the belief factor. It is thought that the first sculptures in history were objects like idols made for worship. The first sculptures in history were made of wood and stone.
There are 3 major sculptural cultures that shaped the art of sculpture in history and shaped its present form: Egyptian sculpture, Greek sculpture and Roman sculpture.
Sculpture Art in Egypt: Beginning with tomb monuments and various religious figures, Egyptian sculpture has one of the most rooted sculpture histories. The Sphinx statue, one of the largest sculptures in the world, was made centuries ago in Egypt.
Greek Sculpture Art: Greek sculpture is divided into three parts: Ancient age, classical age and Hellenistic age.
Faith factor is the basis of three-dimensional aesthetic objects made using clay, stone and bone in ancient times. These statues are mostly Greek gods.
It has been observed that god statues have increased in the classical age. The most famous statue of this period is the statue of Athena made of ivory.
In the Hellenistic age, many arts began to take shape with sharp lines and the most famous art of this period is sculpture. In the Hellenistic age, various sculptures were made to represent gods, rulers and war heroes, with emphasis on appearance and realism. Among the famous works of this period, there are names such as Venus de Milo and Menelaos and Patroklos.
Sculpture Art in Rome: The Romans imitated Greek sculpture in the art of sculpture. Although they did not have an original understanding of art, they produced various works in this field. The Theodosius Obelisk in Istanbul is one of these works and is from the Byzantine period.
Art of Sculpture
Sculpture is the art of symbolizing or representing living things or things with materials such as metal, soil and wood. The three elements that exist in the art of sculpture are important in basing and in the processes to be made later. It is an artistry that shapes three dimensions determined as width, depth and height.
In sculpture, which is an art with techniques, types are obtained after processes such as cutting, shaping and coating.
In sculpture, roughness is created with reliefs on a smooth surface. These reliefs are named as low or high reliefs, depending on whether they are less or less rugged. Different from this, there are also sculptures called full carving beyond the relief.
The most famous sculptor in Turkey
Since the Pre-Islamic period in Turkey, sculpture art is maintained. Especially after the foundation of the Republic, this art branch, which has developed, continues today with artists who have unique styles. Many colleges, art workshops, courses and art competitions established for the advancement of sculpture contribute to the development of the understanding of sculpture in our country. Turkey in many parts of the sculptor, created the works in the exhibition continues to deliver against art lovers. For example, recently the famous actress Arzum Onan opened her second solo exhibition titled "Woman" at Ankara Cer Modern Art Gallery. We can say the purpose of the exhibition as "to emphasize that the presence of women is in every aspect of life". The doors of the exhibition, which includes 22 female sculptures made of various materials such as wood, bronze, glass and marble, are open to all art lovers.
There are many important sculptors such as Arzum Onan in our country. We researched the best known Turkish sculpture artists for you.
Ali Hadi Bara
Born in 1906, Bara worked in important workshops in Paris in his youth. The artist, who brought innovative perspectives to Turkish sculpture, is known for the "Barbaros Monument" in Beşiktaş, Istanbul.
Zühtü Müridoğlu
He worked in the sculpture workshop for many years with his colleague Hadi Bara. Müridoğlu, who entered the Colarossi Academy in Paris, is considered one of the pioneers of the geometric-abstract understanding. His most famous works are the relief to the west of the great staircase in Anıtkabir, and the "Atatürk Monument" in Büyükada and Muş.
Sabiha Bengütaş
Considered one of the most important names in the history of Turkish sculpture, Bengütaş is our first Turkish woman sculptor. He made sculptures of many important personalities such as Atatürk, İsmet İnönü, Ahmet Haşim and Ali Fuat Pasha.
Emel Vardar
This sculptor, who is in search of pure beauty, aims to highlight the inner beauty of women by using different materials and techniques in his works.
Ayse Erkmen
One of the most important representatives of contemporary art in Turkey, Ayse Planting of understanding, he graduated from Mimar Sinan University Sculpture Department. He taught art at various universities abroad. The artist, who is active in Istanbul and Berlin, has represented our country at the 54th International Art Exhibition in Venice.
In this article we make a brief assessment of the sculpture in Turkey with you, I imported the latest developments. At the same time, I researched the sculptors who played an important role in the development of sculpture in our country and presented them to you. With the various activities, educational programs and competitions held today, the progress of sculpture can be achieved in the future.