Amasya

AMASYA

General Information

Area: 5.701 km²

Population: 322,283 people

Amasya, which was founded on the foothills of Yeşilırmak Valley, Harşena Mountain, has been the capital of the kingdom, raised scientists, artists, poets, and became a town where princes were educated throughout its history of over 8 thousand years. The starting foundations of the War of Independence were also laid in Amasya. In addition to its historical and cultural richness, Amasya attracts attention with its Yalıboyu houses built on the coast of Yeşilırmak.

The friendly and hospitable Amasya is waiting for you if you want to see an interesting ancient city where history and nature coexist, where the world's most beautiful muscat apple, cherry, peach and okra are produced.

It is known that many Anatolian cities were founder (KTICIC) god or hero in ancient times. This mythological foundation is also valid for Amasya.

Based on the ERMHC KTICAC THN POLIN inscription on an Amasya coin belonging to the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus (M.S. 193-211), it is accepted that Hermes is the founding god of the city of Amasya.

After this brief explanation, if we come to the history of the name Amasya; According to the Hittite documents, it is thought that the first known name of Amasya was Hakmiş [Khakm (p) is]. It is considered that this name continued until the Persians conquered Amasya.

The name of Amasya during the Kingdom of Mitridates is "Amasseia". Especially M. Ö. II. The phrase AMASSEIA is clearly seen on the Amasya city coins that have been minted since the 19th century. The geographer is already using the word Amaseia for Amasya in Strabon.

The word Amaseia is related to the phrase 'Ama' which means 'Mother' and especially 'Mother Goddess' and 'Ma' which is its variation. From this it can be said that Amaseia means "the city of the Mother Goddess Ma". Mother Goddess Mâ is an oriental goddess whose worship became widespread after the Persians conquered Anatolia. At the same time, this goddess is Mitridates and the local goddess of Cappadocia. The word Amaseia, on the other hand, is the original form of the word in Persian times, adapted to the Hellenic dialect.

During the Roman period, the name Amaseia was used as AMACIAC (Amasia) without much change. For example, we see the name AMACIAC on the city coins of Amasya minted during the reign of Emperor Septimius Severus, Caracalla and Severus Alexander. It is known that the name Amasia continued unchanged during the Byzantine Period.

The name of Amasya was sometimes referred to as Amasiyye and sometimes as Şehr-i Haraşna during the Danishmend period. During the Seljuk, Ilhanli, Principalities and Ottoman Empire, the name Amasya has survived until today without any change.

The first settlements in Amasya date back to the Chalcolithic Age (5500-3000 BC) in the light of our current knowledge. Undoubtedly, the history of Amasya cannot be limited to the Chalcolithic Age. Therefore, it can be said that the history of Amasya is as old as the history of Anatolia. However, intensive archaeological excavations and scientific research will be required to establish this on concrete foundations.

Some of the important settlements belonging to the Chalcolithic Age within the borders of Amasya include Ovasaray village Hamam Hill mound in Amasya center, Künbet mound in Sarımeşe village, Ayvalıpınar mound in Ayvalıpınar village, Devret mound in Suluova district and Deveci village Yoğurtçu Baba mounds.

It is known that there was a dense settlement in Amasya during the Early Bronze Age (3000-2500). The mounds of this period can be given as Amasya center Yassi mound (Oluz höyük), Gümüşhacıköy district Sallar mound, Merzifon district Hayrettin village Delicik Tepe mound, Göynücek district Gediksaray mound, Alakadı village Turkmenlik Tepe mound and Merzifon district Kayadüzü mound.

Amasya remained within the borders of the civilization known as "Hatti Country" in Mesopotamia written documents during the Middle Bronze Age (2500-2000 BC).

One of the important settlements belonging to the Hatti, who established a strong civilization in Anatolia between 2500-2000 B.C., is the Mahmatlar Mound of Amasya Central district.

Mahmatlar Höyük was unfortunately destroyed in 1949 as a result of illicit diggings by treasure hunters. The artifacts found here were later seized by official authorities and these artifacts consisting of gold, silver and bronze are among the important works of the Hatti civilization.

After the Hatti sovereignty was ended by the Hittites, the city of Amasya remained under the rule of the Hittites. The Hittites, who named themselves with the word Nesili, which means speaking Nesice, established a great political unity in Anatolia. The city of Amasya remained within the borders of the Hittites during this period.

One of the important settlements of the Hittites in Amasya is Doğantepe (Zara) town in the center of Amasya. The bronze statue belonging to the Hittite storm god Tesup, which was found in this town and dated between 1400-1200 BC, is one of the important Hittite artifacts that have survived to the present day.

The Hittites lost their sovereignty around 1190 B.C. as a result of the influx of some tribes from the Balkans, including the Phrygians and according to another view, Kashga, the fighting people of the Black Sea mountains, in a period of depression that they lived with the effect of drought and famine. As a result of the destruction, pillage and massacres that took place in these years, there is not much information available about this process, which has started for a period and lasted for more than 400 years, which is called the Dark Age in central Anatolia, where Amasya is also located.

The Phrygians, who appeared on the stage of history as a political power after 750 BC, expanded their borders during the King Midas period (725-695 / 675 BC) and as a result, the region of Amasya remained under the sovereignty of the Phrygians.

The Phrygians could not withstand the severe attacks of the Cimmerians who came from the Caucasus in 676 BC, and lost their power in a short time and entered the process of collapse.

Kimmers; During this period, they became a threat to the powerful states in Anatolia and affected the societies with which they had an artistic relationship. Cimmerians spread in the Black Sea region and during this period, Amasya and its vicinity remained under the domination area of ​​the Cimmerians.

Although there are not many artifacts belonging to the Cimmerian era in Amasya, the metal war tools that were taken out of the village of İmirler in Gümüşhacıköy district and brought to the Amasya Museum are among the works belonging to this period.

Cimmerians and Isikites, who made their presence felt as an important power in Anatolian history between 675-585 B.C., gradually lost their effectiveness later on.

It is seen on the stage of history in Scythians in the age of Cimmerians. As Herodotus already stated; Scythians generally settled on the settlements of Cimmerians. For this reason, Scythian sovereignty is seen after the Cimmerian rule in Amasya and its vicinity.

Upon the end of the five-year war between the two great powers of Anatolia, Lydia and Med, Kızılırmak was accepted as the border between both powers in 585 B.C. and Amasya remained within the borders of the Medes until the Persian rule.

After a short period of Med sovereignty, Amasya remained under the Persian rule like most of Anatolia, when Cyros, the founder of the Persian Empire, defeated the Lydian king Croesus in 547/46 BC.

The Persians presented the places they dominated through conquests in a total of twenty satraps and appointed a governor general to these places. These governors general were named with the word satrap, which means guardian of the crown. During this period, Amasya remained within the eastern borders of the region known as Cappadocia Satrap for approximately two hundred and fifty years.

During this period, a certain part of the royal road starting from Sardes and ending in Susa passes in Yeşilırmak plain, where Amasya is located.

In the Battle of Issus that took place in 333 BC; As a result of the defeat of the Persian forces against the forces of Alexander the Great, apart from the Northern Cappadocia (Pontos) region, where Amasya is located, a large part of Anatolia came under the domination of the Macedonian Kingdom and thus, it was known as the Hellenistic Age in the history and its influence was more cultural in Anatolia. and an era that felt in an artistic dimension started. This period; In essence, it is a period that is the synthesis of eastern and western beliefs and cultures.

Upon the early death of Alexander the Great (323 BC), a new political process started in Anatolia. In this process; Alexander the Great's successors were unable to establish the unity of the empire and the empire was divided into various kingdoms.

While these developments were taking place, Mitridates Ktistes, of Persian origin, established Pontos State in 301 BC and made Amasya the capital.

Until the transfer of the capital to Sinop during the reign of V. Mitridates Euergetes (150-120), Amasya, which remained the capital of the Pontos State for many years, started a great reconstruction activity and the city became a cultural center with this activity, especially during the Mitridates Eupator period.

In this period; The good relations between the Pontos State and the Roman Empire, especially during the period of Mitridates V., reversed during the Mitridates Eupator period (111-63 BC) and as a result, the Mitridates wars lasted for many years. After Eupator was defeated in the war between the armies of Mitridates Eupator and the Roman General Pompeius in 63 BC, Amasya was occupied and destroyed by the Roman soldiers.

After this victory against Mithridates, Pompeius ended the sovereignty of the Pontos state and united the lands of Pontos with the Bithynia region and formed the Bithynia-Pontos State. From now on, Amasya and its vicinity came under Roman rule.

The son of Mitridates Eupator, King of Crimea II. Pharnakes managed to reclaim the old lands of the Pontos State for a while due to the civil wars in the Roman Empire, but when they were defeated in the war with the Roman troops under the command of Caesar (Caesar) near Zela (Zile) in 47 BC, the lands including Amasya were again It passed under Roman rule.

When the Parths invaded the region up to Caria, Roman Emperor Antonius defeated the Parths through their commanders and expelled them from Anatolia. After this event, Antonius, who came to Anatolia, had some vassal kingdoms established in order to create a buffer zone between his lands and the Parths in order to prevent possible attacks by the Parths. According to this development in 39 years before Christ; Pontos region, including Amasya, is II. It was given to Darius, son of the Pharnakes.

Amasya was the Metropolis of the Pontos Galaticus region during this period and was an important city. Emperor Augustus (27 BC - 14 AD) established the province of Provincia Galatia in 25 BC, and connected Pontos Galaticus region to this state along with many other regions.

Amasya, which had the status of a state during the Roman Empire, also became the center of the interstate road system. For example, Galatia and Cappadocia roads ended in Amasya.

It is also known that city coins were minted in Amasya from Emperor Domitianus (A.D. 81-96) until the reign of Severus Alexander (222-235 A.D.). Many of these coins are in the coin collection of Amasya Museum Directorate today.

Amasya city; Emperor Diocletian became the religious and administrative center of Diospontus after the VIII. century, it has been among the armeniakon castles, one of the military provinces (themas) of Byzantium.

Upon the victory of the Great Seljuk army in the 1071 Battle of Malazgirt, senior commanders in the nature of Sultan Alparslan started to raid into Anatolia with the soldiers in their nature. As a result of these raids, the Byzantine sovereignty in Anatolia ended and the commanders who made the conquests established independent principalities within themselves with the permission of the Seljuk State.

In this process, Amasya and its surroundings were conquered by Danişmend Ahmet Gazi and the period of Turkish domination began in the region. In this period, the crusader army was defeated as a result of the war between Amasya-Merzifon on 5 August 1101 by the troops under the command of Seljuk Sultan Kılıç Arslan and Danişmend Ahmet Gazi against the crusader army that came to Anatolia.

The period of domination of the Danishmends lasting nearly a century, Seljuk Sultan II. It ended with Kılıç Arslan's capture of Amasya in 1175. Thus, the city of Amasya and its vicinity came under the rule of the Seljuks.

II. Kılıç Arslan shared the Seljuk State among his eleven sons during his long reign (1185/1186) and Amasya fell into the share of Nizameddin Argunşah during this sharing. Nizameddin Argunşah's brother II. When Rükneddin Süleymanşah (1196-1204) took over the Seljuk reign, Amasya became a province affiliated to this sultan, like many other regions.

The Seljuk ruler Alaeddin Keykubad gave some provinces to them as timar (dirlik) in order to benefit from the experiences of his neighbor Harezm beys in response to a possible Mongol attack upon the Mongols becoming a threat. Amasya was given to Bereket Han as timar during this period (1231).

After Sultan Alaaddin Keykubad (1220-1237), the country was not managed well, causing some social events to occur in the Seljuk State. The Babai Revolt, which took place on 637H./1239M and whose center was Amasya, is one of the most important social movements seen in this period.

In this rebellion that started under the leadership of Baba İlyas Horasani, Baba İshak Kefersudî started the practical process of the movement from the village of Kefersud and Amasya witnessed the events as an important historical place during the developments during this rebellion.

While Ibn-i Bibi, the official historian of the Seljuks, narrated this event in his own way, the arrival of the Babai in Amasya; "... When they came to Amasya, the light of their power and might shined all around ..." He expresses with lines.

As a result of the rebellion spreading by growing and high participation, Sultan II. Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev (1237-1246) withdrew cautiously to Kubadabad castle and Hacı Armağanşah, who was appointed as Amasya Subaşlık, was assigned to suppress the movement.

As a result, Baba İlyas, the leader of the Babai Revolt, which was suppressed in a bloody way, was captured by Hacı Armağanşah in his lodge and hanged on the bastions of Amasya Castle.

After the Seljuk State was defeated by the Mongols in the 1243 Kösedağ War, almost every part of Anatolia was looted and the Seljuk State was exploited by the Mongols for more than half a century. In this environment of looting and exploitation, it was naturally affected in Amasya.

Mongols, who occupied Anatolia, mostly settled in the Central Anatolia Region, where Amasya is located. These settlers are often called Tatar. Those who settled in Amasya during this period are the Ca'ungar clans, which are also known as left arm clans.

After the death of Ilkhanid ruler Abu Said Bahadır Khan in 1335, Sultan Alaeddin Eratna, who was the general governor of the Ilkhanians in Anatolia, declared his independence and established the Eratnalılar State and after these developments Amasya came under the rule of Eratnas in 742H./1341M.

In the same year, Amasya was occupied by the Taceddinoğulları Principality, whose center was Niksar, and after providing the protection and support of the Egyptian Mamluk sultan Melik Nâsır, the sultan Eratna sent Tüli Bey, one of the emirs, and upon this, Tüli Bey, With his help, he took Amasya and its surroundings from Taceddin Doğanşah and put an end to this occupation.

In this period; Zeyneddin Tüli Bey was the Emirate of Amasya and after his death, Hacı Kutuşah was appointed as the Emirate of Amasya in 747 AH / 1347M. Afterwards, Şahabeddin Ahmet Şah, the eldest son of Hacı Kutuşah, became the Emir of Amasya in the middle of 753H./1352M. He took back the Amasya Emirate in 1358M.

Hacı Şadgeldi Pasha, the other son of Hacı Kutuşah, was appointed as the Emirate of Amasya in 760H./1359M, and in 762H./1361M, Alaaddin Ali Bey, the son of former Amasya Emir Şücaaddin Süleyman Bey, became the Emir of Amasya. However, after the Kaynar Incident, Hacı Şadgeldi Pasha was seen on the historical scene for the second time as Amasya Emir in 763H./1362M.

The weakness of the sultans who ruled the state after Sultan Eratna and their devotion to pleasure and joy caused the state authority to shake and the administrators who were in office to have the idea of ​​independence. During these years, Amasya Emir Hacı Şadgeldi Pasha also started to act on his own and later declared his principality.

During the reign of Şadgeldi Pasha, significant development activities were observed in Amasya. In this period; Amasya Castle was repaired and the old mint was renewed in 764H./1363M. In addition, a large paper mill is built in Amasya. Along with these activities, it is known that some building units consisting of mosques, madrasahs and imaret were built in 773H./1372M.

After Hacı Şadgeldi Pasha, who lost his life in the war with Kadı Burhaneddin, the regent of the Eratna State, in 1381, his son Fahrettin Ahmet Bey assumed the duty of Amasya Emirate.

Fahreddin Ahmed Bey, like his father, was in a constant struggle with Kadı Burhaneddin, but because he could not come to a conclusion from these struggles, he offered to give Amasya to the Ottomans in exchange for another sanjak, thereupon, the Ottoman army under the command of Prince Çelebi Mehmed in 795H. Upon coming to the city, the city came under Ottoman rule.

At the beginning of the 15th century, when Timur invaded Anatolia and started to make great destructions, Amasya was also besieged by Timur's soldiers and this siege continued for seven months.

After Yıldırım Bayezid was defeated and captured by Timur in the Battle of Ankara (1402), and after the throne fights between his princes, Çelebi Sultan Mehmet, who tried to establish Ottoman unity during this disintegration process known as the Fetret Era, and was successful in this struggle, It has taken it as its center.

In 1402, when Yakut Pasha was the Emir of Amasya, the Black State was appointed to Amasya by Timur, but since the Black State was known as a cruel person by the people and notables of Amasya, his emirate was not recognized and he was not allowed to enter the city. Thereupon, Kara Devletşah stayed in the village of Kağala / Hakala and ruled the other parts of the city here.

Çelebi Sultan Mehmet, despite the Kara Devletşah's acting in this way, fought and defeated him and the Black Devletşah was killed on the battlefield.

During the Ottoman period, Amasya was a sanjak where princes were serving since the first half of the 15th century and at the same time the center of the State of Rum.

Amasya, in the period when Yörgüç Pasha was the Beylerbeyi (1422/1435); Sivas is a province consisting of Tokat, Çorum and Samsun sanjaks, during this period Amasya was called "Rumiyye Province".

During this period, a Turkmen community, known as the Red Big Sons, emerged in Amasya and its vicinity, which did not fall under the discipline of the current system, and this community acted as haramism-banditry in the region. On the other hand, Yörgüç Pasha deceived this group and its leaders with some tricks, invited them to a feast in Amasya, and at the end of this invitation, he caught them all and put them to the sword. It is known that he imprisoned those caught while escaping in caves in Amasya and killed them with hay mist.

One of the important events in Amasya during the Ottoman period is the social events known as the Jalal Revolts in history. Especially during these events that took place in the 16th century, Jelalî groups mostly moved within the Yeşilırmak basin, including Amasya. During this period, great turmoil occurred in Amasya.

Among these rebellions, especially the chaos caused by Kara Yazıcı Abdülhalîm of Urfa, who also served as the Sancak Principality of Amasya, is one of the important events that took place in Amasya. In these incidents that took place in 1011H./1603M, the supporters of Kara Yazıcı Abdülhalîm burned Amasya. This plundering movement was experienced so violently that the notables of Amasya and the people of Amasya had to take shelter in the tombs of the kings with their wealth.

Amasya has also become the historical place of an important treaty in the history of the Ottoman Empire. This treaty, which was made at the end of April 1555 and known as the Amasya Treaty in history, is one of the first and important treaties made with the Iran-Safavid Dynasty. Meanwhile, Süleyman the Magnificent lives in Amasya.

Amasya became famous as the "city of princes" in the Ottoman history, since many princes who shaped the Ottoman history were educated and served in Amasya. Among these princes; Celebi Sultan Mehmet, II. Murat, Fatih Sultan Mehmet and II. There are those who later became sultans like Bayezid. In addition, some princes who served in Amasya and died here are also known. While the tombs of some of these princes were standing until recently, they do not exist today.

Amasya, which has been the throne of princes since the date it was conquered by the Ottomans, was dismissed from the sanjak after Prince Bayezid's desertion to Iran on 967H./1559M, and after that date, no princes were held in Amasya.

It is known that after the suppression of the Jelalî Revolts, there was no significant activity in Amasya until the years of the National Liberation War.

After the First World War, the Ottoman Empire was started to be occupied by the Allied Powers and Mustafa Kemal Pasha and his friends, who came to Samsun on May 19, 1919 as a ray of hope, came to Amasya on June 12, 1919. On 22 June 1919, he declared the liberation circular known as Amasya Circular from Amasya to the whole country.

For this reason, it can be said that Amasya, which was a safe haven for Çelebi Sultan Mehmet, who tried to ensure the Ottoman unity in the Interregnum Period after 1402, was an important principle of the liberation struggle, which can be called the second interregnum period, "The independence of the nation, but the determination and decision of the nation. It has undertaken a historical task in terms of being the center where the decision was taken.

A transition climate prevails in Amasya between Black Sea climate and continental climate. The summers are not as dry as the continental climate and not as rainy as the Black Sea climate. The winters are as mild as the Black Sea climate and not as harsh as the continental climate. The Black Sea climate is effective in this region.

It is hot and dry in summers and rainy in winters. Spring is the most rainy season. Merzifon, Suluova, Gümüşhacıköy and Hamamözü districts. It reflects the general climatic characteristics of the region. Central District, Taşova and Göynücek Districts show more continental climate characteristics.

Precipitation

In meteorological measurements carried out in the city center since 1937, the annual average precipitation is 436.7 mm, 436.9 mm in Merzifon, 458.3 mm in Gümüşhacıköy, 400.0 mm in Taşova, 427.6 mm in Gönücek. measured.

Temperature

In the city center, the annual average temperature was 13.6 Co, the annual average relative humidity was 61%, the highest temperature was 45.0 Co on 30.07.2000, the lowest temperature was -20.4 Co on 23.02.1985. July and August are the driest months, and spring is the most rainy season. The annual average number of days with frost is 50 days.

Wind

The wind direction throughout the province is the northeastern wind blowing from the Northeast. However, due to the topographic structure of the city center, the 1st degree wind direction is Northwest. Average wind speed is 1.8 m / s, the annual average number of strong windy days is 65 days, and the annual average number of stormy days is 12 days. The strongest wind was recorded as 36.0 m / sec from the northwest on 24.09.1996.

Forests in the central district of Amasya province largely spread in the Akdağ region, scotch pine, larch and beech at high altitudes, and red pine, juniper, oak, hornbeam and aspen at low altitudes. In addition, there are shrubs such as wild wild pear and plum, and shrub forms such as creeping juniper.

Most of the forest area of ​​the province is in Taşova District. Especially in the north-facing slopes of Akdağ and Boğalı mountain ranges and in the region north of the Destek Stream, there are well-qualified beech forests after 1000 m altitude. On the slopes facing south, starting from Yeşilırmak Valley and upwards, respectively, red pine, oak species, larch and scotch pine consist of pure and partly mixed forests. In addition, examples of plants such as hornbeam, boulder, mountain ash, dogwood, maple, deer thorn, sandalwood and hazelnuts, blackberries, ferns, wild roses, tar juniper, laden, nettle and rhododendrons are found.

In Merzifon District, Rabbit Mountain, there are beech forests in blocks and individual species with leaves such as wild cherry, bear nut, maple, lime, hornbeam are found in these forests. In addition, scotch pine and larch grove forests at high altitudes, and coppice forests formed by oak species at lower altitudes and on the southern slopes spread.

Again, in the mountainous regions of Gümüşhacıköy District in the direction of Vezirköprü, scotch pine, larch, and lower oak species spread. In Hamamözü, oak forests and juniper species are found in places along with larch.

Since Göynücek District is located in the south of Amasya Province and is located in the transition zone to the Central Anatolia Region, the majority of the forests in this region with steppe vegetation are oak species and partially juniper trees.

The region includes very rich species (109) and varieties (246) in terms of endemic plants. Among these species, they can be considered as hazeran, rabies, maple flower, dolama grass, damson, bac pepper tree, ode, agave, pseudo-aviator, hairy flax.

Amasya has a very rugged surface shape because it is at a point where the main branches of the Yeşilırmak River meet and the mountains meet.

Its highest point above sea level is 2061 m. and Akdağ Hill, the lowest point above sea level 160 m. and Taşova - the point where the water collection area of ​​Hasan Uğurlu Dam begins in Umutlu Village. Mountains stretch in an east-west direction.

The main mountains in the province;

Canik Mountains: It starts from Kızılırmak and stretches between Yeşilırmak and Kelkit Creek and the Black Sea to the Melet River. The highest point above sea level is Çalıca Hill with 2.181 m and the highest point within the borders of Amasya province with 1.376 m.

Karaömer Mountain: It is between Tersakan Stream and Support Stream and Akdağ. The North Anatolian Fault line is the border between the Canik Mountains. The highest point is Karaömer Hill with 1,979 m.

Akdağ: It is surrounded by Yeşilırmak in the south, Şeyhsuyu and Kocaalan Stream in the north. The highest point is Akdağ Hill with 2.061 m.

Sakarat Mountain: It starts from Amasya Ferhatarası Valley and extends between Yeşilırmak and Kelkit Creek until Köse Mountain. The highest point is Cami Hill with 1,956 m.

Sarıtaş Mountain: It is between Yeşilırmak and Deliçay. It starts at the point where Deliçay joins Yeşilırmak and ends in Kuruçay. It is Saritas Hill 1.159 m above sea level.

Buzlu Mountain: It is surrounded by Zile plain and Çekerek River. The highest point is Beşik Tepe with 1,392 m.

Montenegro: It is between Çorum Stream and Çekerek River. It ends at the point where Çorum Stream flows into Çekerek River. The highest point is Bird's Nest Hill with 1.524 m.

Çakır Mountain: It starts from Çorum city center and extends to Amasya Castle and is Yeldeğirmeni Hill with 1.375 m.

Egerli Mountain: It starts from Çorum plain and extends to Merzifon plain. The highest point is Kalkan Tepe with 1,776 m.

İnegöl Mountain: It is bordered by Kavşak Stream in the north, Hamamözü Stream in the south, and Gümüş plain in the east of Kızılırmak in the west. The highest point above sea level is İnegöl Hill with 1,873 m.

Rabbit Mountain: It is limited by Merzifon Plain, Kızılmak and Kuzçayı. The highest point is Yuvalı Hill with 1,901 m.

Streams

The most important river in Amasya is Yeşilırmak. The borders of Amasya province are mostly located in the Yeşilırmak basin, and a part of the Gümüşhacıköy district is located in the Kızılırmak Basin.

Yeşilırmak: Yeşilırmak, which originates from the Köse Mountains in the southwest of Sivas Province Suşehri District, is 519 km long. Entering the provincial land from the south, 256 km in Kayabaşı locality. It merges at Kayabaşı with Çekerek Creek, which springs from the long Yozgat lands. Passing through the city center of Amasya, it flows into the Black Sea from Çarşamba, within the provincial borders of Samsun, by joining Tersakan Stream coming out of Ladik Lake and Kelkit Stream at the border of Taşova Erbaa. The measured maximum flow rate of Yeşilırmak River until this time is 1.914 m3 / s, minimum flow rate is 1.83 m3 / s and average flow rate is 121 m3 / s. The total annual flow is 5707x106 m3. Floods usually take place in March, April and May. The part remaining within the borders of Amasya is 129 km.

At the location of Almus District, 35 km east of Tokat, on Yeşilırmak, there is the 80 m high Almus Dam and immediately after the Ataköy Dam. In addition, there is Hasan Uğurlu Dam at an altitude of 175 m in Ayvacık, 40 km south of Çarşamba District and Suat Uğurlu Dam in Balahor at its downstream.

Çekerek River: It rises in the Yıldız Mountains at an altitude of 2500 m in the 50 km northwest of Sivas Province, joins with Çorum Stream coming from the west and joins Yeşilırmak 15 km south of Amasya. The length of Çekerek River is 200 km, the part remaining within the boundaries of Amasya is 45 km, the maximum flow rate measured so far is 362 m3 / s, the minimum flow is 0.09 m3 / s, and the average flow is 20 m3 / s. The total annual flow is 842x106 m3. Floods occur in March, April and May. Its important branches are Çorum and Efennik Teas.

Süreyyabey Dam is being built on Çekerek River for protection of Amasya from floods, energy production and irrigation.

Tersakan Stream: It rises from the foothills of Akdağ at an altitude of 1,925 meters, passes through Havza District by taking the excess water of Ladik Lake and joins Yeşilırmak in Amasya Province. Its length is 100 km, its part within the boundaries of Amasya is 41 km and its maximum flow rate measured so far is 317 m3 / s, minimum flow rate is 0.021 m3 / s, average flow rate is 3.96 m3 / s. The total annual flow is 125x106 m3. Floods usually happen in March, April, May and summer due to showers.

Şeyhsuyu, Gümüşsuyu, Derinöz and Salhan creeks are important branches of Tersakan Stream. Gümüşhacıköy Plain, Merzifon Plain and Suluova are located on these branches. There is also Derinöz Dam on Derinöz Stream.

Kelkit Stream: It springs from mountains at an altitude of 2600 m in the northwest of Erzincan. It passes through the districts of Kelkit, Suşehri, Koyulhisar, Reşadiye, Niksar, Erbaa in the east-west direction and joins with Yeşilırmak on the border of Amasya-Tokat. Its length is 400 km, its maximum flow rate measured so far is 905 m3 / s, minimum flow is 47 m3 / h, average flow is 70.5 m3 / s. The total annual flow is 2526x106 m3.

Destek Stream: It flows between Karaömer Mountain and Canik Mountains and joins Yeşilırmak from Taşova. It is 35 kilometers long. Minimum flow rate 0.5 m3 / sec. maximum flow rate 130 m3 / sec. dir

Deliçay: Sakarat Mountain rises from Buğalı Plateaus and joins Yeşilırmak. It is 48 km long. Minimum flow rate 0.5 m3 / sec. maximum flow rate 212 m3 / sec. dir.

Kuruçay: It flows into Yeşilırma. It is on the provincial border of Amasya-Tokat. It arises from the Sakarat mountain. It is 50 kilometers long.

Gökdere Stream: It springs from the Canik Mountains. It is in Taşova district. It is 40 kilometers long.

Kavşak Çayı: It rises from Rabbit Mountain and joins Kızılırmak. There is Karadere Dam for irrigation purposes.

Hamamözü Stream: It rises from İnegöl Mountain and mixes with Kızılırmak.

Places to Visit in Amasya

Low bridge

It is the only bridge in the city center of Amasya from the Roman period to the present day. It is completely made of cut stone. In time, it lost its height due to the rise of the river level and the filling of the river bed, so it was known as the "Low Bridge" among the people.

Amasya Tashan

The ground floor consists of shops and the upper floor consists of manufacturing shops. By the way, a root dyed product should be bought. Again at the entrance, the tea garden welcomes you.

Kurtboğan Tomb

His real name is Hamza, and he is the father of Akşemseddin, the teacher of Fatih Sultan Mehmed Han. The tomb of Hamza Efendi, one of the caliphs of Pîr Ilyâs, one of the great saints, is in Istasyon District.

Hızır Pasha Mosque

It is one of the mosques with angular (inverted T-shaped) seen in the first period Ottoman architecture and seen in the Bayezid Pasha and Yörgüç Pasha mosques in Amasya.

Kralkaya Tombs

There are roads and stairs carved into the rocks between the graves that are reached through the narrow streets of Hatuniye District by passing the train road. It is known that there are 21 tombs of various sizes along the Yeşilırmak Valley, but only a few of them have survived.

Mehmet Pasha Mosque

In 1486 II. It was built by Mehmet Pasha, the tulip of Prince Ahmet, son of Bayezid.

Archaeological Museum

There are stone works belonging to the Hittite, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Ilkhanid, Seljuk and Ottoman Periods.

Şehzadeler Travel Road

The history of princes in Amasya is exhibited here. Do not go to the end of the road without seeing the sculptures of Ferhat and Şirin.

Amasya Bazaar

I would recommend it to everyone, a very beautiful place both in terms of history and shopping.

Saraydüzü Barracks Building National Struggle Museum

The barracks where the Amasya circular was signed and the Aegis stayed on time. Its main place was destroyed by an earthquake. It was rebuilt in a new place to keep the history alive.

Amasya Castle

It is on the steep cliffs called Harşene Mountain, located in the north of Yeşilırmak. The castle has four gates named “Helkıs”, “Palace”, “Maydonos” and “Meydan”, a water well named “Cilanbolu”, a cistern and dungeons inside the castle.

Princes Museum

The sculptures of the Ottoman sultans, whose princes have passed here, are exhibited in the museum with their sculptures and their costumes reflecting their periods.

Cilanbolu Well

There are many corridors and water wells in Amasya Castle. The most famous of these wells is the place called Cilanbolu. Cilanbolu Well runs from south to north in the high place at the level of the big gate in the middle of Harşena Castle. It goes down one hundred and fifty steps.

Hazeranlar Mansion

It is an ideal place with its originality for those who are curious about the classical Ottoman mansion structure.

Sultan II. Bayezid Mosque & Complex

Another magnificent Ottoman architecture. In a word, people are at peace. By the way, plane trees on both sides of the fountain in front of the mosque were planted here during the construction of the mosque, casting their shadows on the mosque garden for more than 500 years.